Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tau siv rau kev lag luam tau ntau tshaj 50 xyoo. Thaum pib ua lag luam, lawv tsuas yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov siab xws li aerospace thiab kev tiv thaiv. Raws li thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv mus, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tau pib ua lag luam hauv ntau yam kev lag luam kawg xws li cov khoom siv kis las, kev tsav dav hlau pej xeem, tsheb, tub rog hiav txwv, kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab kev tsim kho. Txog tam sim no, tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw (ob qho tib si raw khoom thiab kev tsim khoom) tau poob qis ntau piv rau xyoo dhau los, tso cai rau lawv siv rau ntawm qhov loj hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam.
Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov fiber thiab cov khoom siv resin hauv qee qhov sib piv. Thaum cov resin matrix txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, cov fibers ua haujlwm ua cov khoom txhawb nqa los txhawb cov khoom sib xyaw. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov resin rau fiber sib txawv nrog lub zog thiab kev tawv ntawm qhov xav tau los ntawm Tier 1 lossis Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM).
Cov qauv thauj khoom tseem ceeb xav tau cov fibers ntau dua piv rau cov resin matrix, thaum cov qauv thib ob tsuas yog xav tau ib feem plaub ntawm cov fibers hauv cov resin matrix. Qhov no siv rau feem ntau ntawm cov lag luam, qhov sib piv ntawm resin rau fiber nyob ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom.
Kev lag luam nkoj hauv dej hiav txwv tau dhau los ua lub zog tseem ceeb hauv kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog cov khoom siv ua npuas ncauj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj tau ntsib kev poob qis, nrog rau kev tsim nkoj qeeb qeeb thiab cov khoom muag nce siab. Qhov kev txo qis ntawm kev thov no yuav yog vim cov neeg siv khoom ceev faj, kev yuav khoom tsawg dua, thiab kev hloov pauv cov peev txheej tsawg rau cov haujlwm lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov chaw tsim nkoj kuj tseem tab tom hloov kho lawv cov khoom thiab cov tswv yim lag luam kom txo qhov poob. Thaum lub sijhawm no, ntau lub chaw tsim nkoj me me raug yuam kom thim rov qab lossis raug yuav vim yog qhov poob ntawm cov peev txheej ua haujlwm, tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev lag luam ib txwm muaj. Kev tsim cov nkoj loj (> 35 feet) tau raug cuam tshuam, thaum cov nkoj me me (<24 feet) tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw?
Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke muaj ntau yam zoo dua li hlau thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj, xws li ntoo, hauv kev tsim nkoj. Piv rau cov hlau xws li hlau lossis txhuas, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm ib feem los ntawm 30 txog 40 feem pua. Qhov kev txo qhov hnyav tag nrho coj ntau yam txiaj ntsig thib ob, xws li cov nqi khiav lag luam qis dua, cov pa roj av qis dua thiab kev siv roj ntau dua. Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke kuj txo qhov hnyav ntxiv los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv txuas los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom.
Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke kuj muab kev ywj pheej ntau dua rau cov neeg tsim nkoj, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom nrog cov duab nyuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke muaj cov nqi siv tau ntev dua yog tias ib tus piv rau cov khoom sib tw vim lawv cov nqi kho qis dua thiab lawv cov nqi teeb tsa thiab sib dhos vim lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab kev ruaj khov kuj qis dua. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tau txais kev lees paub ntawm cov nkoj OEMs thiab cov neeg muab khoom Tier 1.
Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hauv dej hiav txwv
Txawm hais tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, ntau lub chaw nres nkoj thiab cov neeg muab khoom Tier 1 tseem ntseeg tias yuav siv ntau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw hauv cov nkoj caij nkoj.
Txawm hais tias cov nkoj loj dua yuav siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke zoo dua xws li cov yas carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP), cov nkoj me dua yuav yog tus tsav tsheb tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev thov tag nrho rau cov khoom sib xyaw hauv hiav txwv. Piv txwv li, hauv ntau lub yachts tshiab thiab catamarans, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke siab heev, xws li carbon fiber / epoxy thiab polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, yog siv los ua hulls, keels, decks, transoms, rigs, bulkheads, stringers thiab masts, Tab sis cov superyachts lossis catamarans no ua ib feem me me ntawm tag nrho cov kev thov nkoj.
Txawm hais tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, ntau lub chaw nres nkoj thiab cov neeg muab khoom Tier 1 tseem ntseeg tias yuav siv ntau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw hauv cov nkoj caij nkoj.
Txawm hais tias cov nkoj loj dua yuav siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke zoo dua xws li cov yas carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP), cov nkoj me dua yuav yog tus tsav tsheb tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev thov tag nrho rau cov khoom sib xyaw hauv hiav txwv. Piv txwv li, hauv ntau lub yachts tshiab thiab catamarans, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke siab heev, xws li carbon fiber / epoxy thiab polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, yog siv los ua hulls, keels, decks, transoms, rigs, bulkheads, stringers thiab masts, Tab sis cov superyachts lossis catamarans no ua ib feem me me ntawm tag nrho cov kev thov nkoj.
Qhov kev thov dav dav rau cov nkoj suav nrog cov nkoj muaj cav (sab hauv nkoj, sab nraud nkoj thiab sab nraub qaum nkoj), cov nkoj dav hlau, cov nkoj ntiag tug thiab cov nkoj caij nkoj (yachts).
Cov nqi ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yuav nce siab zuj zus, vim tias cov nqi ntawm cov iav fibers, thermosets thiab thermoplastic resins yuav nce nrog rau cov nqi roj av thiab lwm yam nqi khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nqi carbon fiber yuav poob qis yav tom ntej vim muaj peev xwm tsim khoom ntau ntxiv thiab kev tsim cov khoom siv ua ntej. Tab sis nws qhov cuam tshuam tag nrho rau cov nqi sib xyaw ua ke hauv hiav txwv yuav tsis loj heev, vim tias cov yas uas muaj carbon fiber txhawb nqa tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm kev thov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hauv hiav txwv.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov iav fiber tseem yog cov khoom siv fiber tseem ceeb rau cov khoom sib xyaw hauv dej hiav txwv, thiab cov polyesters tsis muaj roj thiab vinyl esters yog cov khoom siv polymer tseem ceeb. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) yuav txuas ntxiv tuav ib feem loj ntawm kev lag luam ua npuas ncauj.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua los ntawm iav fiber ntau (GFRP) suav txog ntau dua 80% ntawm tag nrho cov kev xav tau rau cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke hauv hiav txwv, thaum cov khoom siv ua npuas ncauj suav txog 15%. Cov seem yog cov yas carbon fiber ntxiv dag zog, uas feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov nkoj loj thiab cov ntawv thov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb hauv cov lag luam me.
Kev lag luam composites hauv dej hiav txwv uas loj hlob zuj zus kuj pom tias muaj kev hloov pauv mus rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Cov neeg muab khoom composites hauv dej hiav txwv tau pib nrhiav kev tsim kho tshiab, qhia txog cov bio-resins tshiab, cov fibers ntuj, cov polyesters uas tsis muaj pa phem, cov prepregs uas tsis muaj zog, cov cores thiab cov ntaub ntawv fiberglass uas xaws. Nws yog txhua yam hais txog kev ua kom rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov ua dua tshiab, txo cov ntsiab lus styrene, thiab txhim kho kev ua tiav thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-05-2022
