xov xwm

Cov Khoom Siv Graphene

Graphene yog ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb uas muaj ib txheej ntawm cov pa roj carbon. Nws muaj kev ua hluav taws xob zoo heev, ncav cuag 10⁶ S/m—15 npaug ntawm tooj—ua rau nws yog cov khoom uas muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob qis tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Cov ntaub ntawv kuj qhia tias nws qhov kev ua hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1515.2 S/cm2. Hauv kev siv cov ntaub ntawv polymer, graphene muaj peev xwm siv tau ntau heev.

Thaum muab graphene ua ib yam khoom siv ntxiv rau hauv cov khoom siv polymer, nws ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua thiab tiv taus kev hnav. Ntxiv graphene ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua tau zoo dua, ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, roj teeb, thiab cov ntawv thov zoo sib xws. Nws lub zog siab kuj ua rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom siv polymer zoo dua, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov lag luam uas muaj zog xws li kev tsim khoom siv dav hlau thiab tsheb.

Cov Khoom Siv Carbon Fiber Uas Muaj Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo

Cov roj carbon fiber yog ib yam khoom siv uas sib dua li plaub tab sis muaj zog npaum li hlau, tuav lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv. Siv nws qhov ceev qis thiab lub zog siab, cov roj carbon fiber pom cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim tsheb thiab aerospace.

Hauv kev tsim tsheb, nws yog siv rau cov thav duab lub cev thiab cov khoom siv, ua kom lub tsheb muaj zog dua thaum txo qhov hnyav thiab txhim kho kev siv roj. Hauv kev tsav dav hlau, nws yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv dav hlau, txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau, txo kev siv zog, thiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ya dav hlau.

Cov Khoom Siv Semiconductor Siab Tshaj Plaws

Nyob rau lub caij nyoog niaj hnub no uas kev siv thev naus laus zis sai sai, muaj kev xav tau ntau rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis thoob plaws txhua qhov chaw. Kev lag luam tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob qhia txog qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau cov khoom siv semiconductor ua tau zoo dua. Raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov ceev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Nyob rau theem me me, cov yam ntxwv xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov qauv siv lead ua, thiab cov khoom tsis huv muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv semiconductor uas muaj kev txav mus los siab dua ua rau cov hluav taws xob txav mus los sai dua, ua rau kev suav lej ceev dua. Cov qauv siv lead ua huv dua txo cov hluav taws xob tawg, ua rau kev ua haujlwm zoo dua.

Hauv kev siv ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv semiconductor ua tau zoo no yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sai dua, ua haujlwm tau zoo dua xws li xov tooj ntse, cov txheej txheem khoos phis tawj, thiab cov chips sib txuas lus ceev. Lawv ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, ua rau cov modules ua haujlwm tau zoo dua hauv qhov chaw tsawg. Qhov no ua rau kev ua tiav ntawm cov haujlwm suav thiab ua tiav nyuaj dua, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tau txais cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev ua tiav. Cov ntaub ntawv resin cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim khoom semiconductor tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas.

Cov Khoom Siv Luam Ntawv 3D

Txij li cov hlau mus rau cov yas, kev nce qib ntawm 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis vam khom kev txhawb nqa ntau yam khoom siv, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv no tuav cov ntawv thov dav dav thiab tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer.

Cov khoom siv hlau hauv 3D luam ntawv yog siv los tsim cov khoom uas xav tau lub zog siab thiab qhov tseeb, xws li cov khoom siv cav hauv aerospace thiab cov hlau cog rau hauv cov khoom siv kho mob. Cov khoom siv yas, nrog lawv cov yam ntxwv sib txawv thiab yooj yim ua, tau pom ntau dua daim ntawv thov hauv 3D luam ntawv.

Cov ntaub ntawv polymer yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm 3D, qhib ntau txoj hauv kev rau cov thev naus laus zis. Cov polymers tshwj xeeb nrog kev sib raug zoo zoo heev ua rau kev luam tawm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg bioengineered. Qee cov polymers muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag lossis hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, ua tau raws li cov kev thov tshwj xeeb. Thermoplastics, yaj los ntawm kev cua sov, tso cai rau txheej-rau-txheej deposition rau kev tsim cov duab nyuaj sai, ua rau lawv siv dav hauv cov khoom prototyping thiab kev hloov kho tus kheej.

Qhov kev txhawb nqa ntau yam khoom siv no ua rau 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis xaiv cov khoom siv tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom raws li qhov xav tau sib txawv, ua rau kev tsim khoom raws li qhov xav tau. Txawm hais tias rau kev kho kom haum rau cov khoom hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam lossis tsim cov khoom siv kho mob tus kheej hauv kev kho mob, 3D luam ntawv siv nws cov peev txheej ntau yam los ua tiav kev tsim khoom zoo, meej, tsav kev hloov pauv thoob plaws ntau qhov chaw sib txawv.

Cov Khoom Siv Superconducting

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb, cov superconductors tuav lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov ntawv thov uas muaj kev xa hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab cov xwm txheej electromagnetic. Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv superconducting yog lawv lub peev xwm los ua hluav taws xob tam sim no nrog xoom tsis kam nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Cov cuab yeej no muab cov superconductors nrog lub peev xwm loj heev rau kev siv hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob.

Hauv cov txheej txheem xa hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj, qhov kev tiv thaiv uas muaj nyob hauv cov neeg coj ua rau muaj kev poob zog ntau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cua sov. Kev siv cov khoom siv superconducting cog lus tias yuav hloov pauv qhov xwm txheej no. Thaum siv rau hauv cov kab xa hluav taws xob, tam sim no ntws los ntawm lawv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, ua rau yuav luag xoom qhov poob hluav taws xob. Qhov no ua rau kev xa hluav taws xob zoo dua, txo cov khoom pov tseg hluav taws xob, thiab txo qis kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.

Cov ntaub ntawv superconducting kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev thauj mus los magnetic levitation. Cov tsheb ciav hlau Maglev siv cov teb magnetic muaj zog uas tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv superconducting los cuam tshuam nrog cov teb magnetic ntawm txoj kev, ua rau lub tsheb ciav hlau lev thiab ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ceev ceev. Lub zog xoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv superconducting ua kom muaj kev tsim khoom ruaj khov thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov teb magnetic, muab cov zog levitation thiab propulsion tas li. Qhov no tso cai rau cov tsheb ciav hlau mus ncig ntawm qhov ceev dua nrog kev ua haujlwm du, hloov pauv cov txheej txheem thauj mus los ib txwm muaj.

Cov kev cia siab rau daim ntawv thov rau cov ntaub ntawv superconducting yog dav heev. Dhau li ntawm lawv qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb hauv kev xa hluav taws xob thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm magnetic levitation, lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv lwm qhov chaw xws li magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thev naus laus zis hauv cov khoom siv kho mob thiab cov khoom siv accelerator hauv kev tshawb fawb txog physics siab.

Cov Khoom Siv Bionic Ntse

Hauv lub ntiaj teb dav dav ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom siv, muaj ib pawg khoom tshwj xeeb uas ua raws li cov qauv ntawm cov tsiaj txhu uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv xwm, qhia txog cov yam ntxwv zoo kawg nkaus. Cov khoom no muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam polymer. Lawv tuaj yeem teb rau kev hloov pauv ntawm ib puag ncig, kho nws tus kheej, thiab txawm tias ntxuav nws tus kheej.

Qee cov khoom siv polymer ntse muaj cov yam ntxwv uas ua raws li cov qauv ntawm lub cev. Piv txwv li, qee cov polymer hydrogels tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov qauv matrix sab nraud uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev. Cov hydrogels no tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​​​cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov av noo hauv lawv ib puag ncig: thaum cov av noo txo ​​qis, lawv cog lus kom txo qis kev poob dej; thiab nthuav dav kom nqus cov av noo thaum cov av noo nce ntxiv, yog li teb rau cov av noo ib puag ncig.

Hais txog kev kho tus kheej, qee cov khoom siv polymeric uas muaj cov tshuaj sib txuas tshwj xeeb lossis cov qauv me me tuaj yeem kho lawv tus kheej tom qab puas tsuaj. Piv txwv li, cov polymers nrog cov sib txuas dynamic covalent tuaj yeem rov kho cov sib txuas no hauv qab cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thaum cov kab nrib pleb ntawm qhov chaw tshwm sim, kho qhov puas tsuaj thiab rov qab kho cov khoom kom zoo thiab ua tau zoo.

Rau kev ua haujlwm ntxuav nws tus kheej, qee cov ntaub ntawv polymeric ua tiav qhov no los ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw lossis kev hloov kho tshuaj lom neeg. Piv txwv li, qee cov ntaub ntawv polymeric txheej muaj cov qauv me me zoo li nplooj lotus. Cov qauv me me no ua rau cov dej ntws los ua cov hlaws dai ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom thiab dov tawm sai sai, tib lub sijhawm nqa cov hmoov av thiab av qias neeg, yog li ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntxuav nws tus kheej.

Cov Khoom Siv Uas Yaj Tau

Hauv lub neej niaj hnub no, tej teeb meem ib puag ncig muaj teeb meem loj heev, nrog rau kev ua qias tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov ecosystem. Hauv kev lag luam khoom siv,cov khoom siv uas lwj tautau txais kev saib xyuas tseem ceeb raws li cov kev daws teeb meem ruaj khov, qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm daim ntawv thov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymeric.

Hauv kev kho mob, cov khoom siv uas lwj tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Piv txwv li, cov xov siv rau kev kaw qhov txhab feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv polymer uas lwj tau. Cov khoom siv no maj mam lwj thaum lub sijhawm kho qhov txhab, tshem tawm qhov xav tau tshem tawm thiab txo cov neeg mob tsis xis nyob thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob.

Tib lub sijhawm ntawd, cov polymers uas lwj tau yooj yim raug siv dav hauv kev tsim cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov txheej txheem xa tshuaj. Lawv ua haujlwm ua cov scaffolds cellular, muab kev txhawb nqa rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov cell thiab kho cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov ntaub ntawv no lwj mus raws sijhawm yam tsis muaj cov khoom seem hauv lub cev, yog li ntawd zam kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.

Hauv kev lag luam ntim khoom, cov khoom siv uas lwj tau muaj peev xwm siv tau zoo heev. Cov khoom ntim yas ib txwm nyuaj rau lwj, ua rau muaj kuab paug dawb tas mus li. Cov khoom ntim khoom ua los ntawm cov polymers lwj tau, xws li cov hnab yas thiab cov thawv, maj mam lwj mus ua cov khoom tsis muaj teeb meem los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig tom qab siv, txo cov kuab paug tas mus li. Piv txwv li, cov khoom ntim polylactic acid (PLA) muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntim khoom yooj yim thaum lwj tau, ua rau lawv yog lwm txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws.

Cov khoom siv nano

Hauv kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv nano tau tshwm sim los ua qhov chaw tshawb fawb thiab daim ntawv thov vim lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab lub peev xwm los tswj cov khoom ntawm qhov ntsuas me me. Lawv kuj tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer. Los ntawm kev tswj cov khoom ntawm qhov ntsuas nano, cov ntaub ntawv no qhia txog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas npaj los ua cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob, lub zog, thiab hluav taws xob.

Hauv kev kho mob, cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv nano muab cov cib fim tshiab rau kev kuaj mob thiab kho mob. Piv txwv li, qee cov khoom siv nanopolymer tuaj yeem tsim ua cov tsheb xa tshuaj. Cov neeg nqa khoom no xa cov tshuaj mus rau cov hlwb mob kom meej, txhim kho kev kho mob thaum txo qis kev puas tsuaj rau cov nqaij noj qab haus huv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv nano siv rau hauv kev kho mob duab - cov neeg sawv cev sib piv nanoscale, piv txwv li, txhim kho kev pom tseeb thiab qhov tseeb, pab cov kws kho mob hauv kev kuaj mob kom meej dua.

Hauv kev lag luam fais fab, cov khoom siv nano kuj qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm loj heev. Piv txwv li, siv cov polymer nanocomposites uas siv tau rau hauv kev siv roj teeb. Kev siv cov khoom siv nano tuaj yeem ua rau lub roj teeb muaj zog ntau dua thiab ua kom lub roj teeb them tau zoo dua, yog li ntawd thiaj li ua rau kev ua haujlwm zoo dua. Rau cov roj teeb hnub ci, qee cov khoom siv nano tuaj yeem ua rau lub teeb nqus tau zoo dua thiab ua rau lub zog hloov pauv tau zoo dua, ua rau lub zog tsim hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv photovoltaic muaj zog dua.

Cov ntawv thov ntawm nanomaterials kuj nthuav dav sai hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov ntaub ntawv polymer nanoscale ua rau muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me dua, ua haujlwm tau zoo dua. Piv txwv li, kev tsim cov nanotransistors tso cai rau kev sib koom ua ke ntau dua thiab ua haujlwm sai dua hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv nano pab txhawb kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj ywm, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob portable thiab bendable.

Hauv kev xaus lus

kev nce qib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsis tsuas yog tsav tsheb tsim kho tshiab xwb tab sis kuj muab cov hauv kev tshiab rau kev daws teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb hauv lub zog, ib puag ncig, thiab kev noj qab haus huv.