xov xwm

Graphene Khoom

Graphene yog ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb uas tsim los ntawm ib txheej ntawm carbon atoms. Nws nthuav tawm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hluav taws xob conductivity, ncav cuag 10⁶ S / m - 15 npaug ntawm tooj liab - ua rau nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Cov ntaub ntawv kuj qhia tias nws cov conductivity tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1515.2 S / cm. Nyob rau hauv daim teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer, graphene tuav lub peev xwm loj heev.

Thaum muab tso ua ke ua cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab hauv cov khoom siv polymer, graphene ua kom muaj zog hluav taws xob thiab hnav tsis kam. Ntxiv graphene ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nce ntxiv, xa cov kev ua tau zoo hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, roj teeb, thiab cov ntawv siv zoo sib xws. Nws lub zog siab kuj tseem txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv polymer, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov khoom muaj zog-xav tau zoo xws li aerospace thiab automotive manufacturing.

High-Performance Carbon Fiber Composites

Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog cov khoom siv lub teeb zoo li plaub tsis tau muaj zog li hlau, tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv toj roob hauv pes. Leveraging nws qhov tsawg ceev thiab siab zog, carbon fiber pom cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si automotive manufacturing thiab aerospace.

Hauv kev tsim tsheb, nws yog siv rau lub cev thav duab thiab cov khoom tsim, txhim kho tag nrho lub zog ntawm lub tsheb thaum txo qhov hnyav thiab txhim kho roj efficiency. Nyob rau hauv aerospace, nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug zoo tagnrho cov ntaub ntawv rau aircraft structural Cheebtsam, zoo txo ​​lub dav hlau hnyav, txo zog noj, thiab txhim khu kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub davhlau.

Advanced Semiconductor Materials

Nyob rau niaj hnub nim no ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm kev loj hlob sai, muaj kev xav tau kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis thoob plaws txhua qhov haujlwm. Kev lag luam hluav taws xob tsim khoom lag luam nthuav tawm qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb thiab tsis tu ncua kev xav tau ntau dua cov khoom siv semiconductor. Raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor ncaj qha txiav txim siab kev khiav hauj lwm ceev, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Ntawm qib microscopic, cov yam ntxwv xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov qauv siv lead ua, thiab cov ntsiab lus impurity cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor nrog cov neeg nqa khoom siab dua tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob sai dua, txhawb kev suav nrawm. Purer siv lead ua qauv txo cov hluav taws xob tawg, ntxiv txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo.

Hauv kev siv cov tswv yim, cov khoom siv semiconductor ua tau zoo no tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tsim khoom sai dua, siv hluav taws xob ntau dua xws li smartphones, computer processors, thiab high-speed sib txuas chips. Lawv ua kom lub miniaturization thiab kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tso cai rau cov khoom siv ua haujlwm ntau dua los ua ke hauv qhov chaw txwv. Qhov no ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua lej thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj dua, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntau zuj zus ntxiv rau kev nrhiav thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv. Resin cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog kev tsim khoom semiconductor tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas.

3D Printing Khoom

Los ntawm cov hlau mus rau plastics, kev nce qib ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv yog nyob ntawm ntau hom kev txhawb nqa, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv no tuav cov kev siv dav thiab qhov tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer.

Cov ntaub ntawv hlau hauv 3D luam ntawv yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab thiab qhov tseeb, xws li cov khoom siv cav hauv aerospace thiab hlau cog hauv cov khoom siv kho mob. Cov ntaub ntawv yas, nrog rau lawv cov khoom sib txawv thiab yooj yim ntawm kev ua, tau pom txawm tias daim ntawv thov dav hauv 3D luam ntawv.

Cov ntaub ntawv Polymer tsim ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm 3D luam ntawv cov ntaub ntawv, xauv qhov muaj peev xwm ntau dua rau cov thev naus laus zis. Tshwj xeeb polymers nrog biocompatibility zoo heev pab kom luam ntawv ntawm bioengineered cov ntaub so ntswg scaffolds. Qee cov polymers muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag lossis hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, ua tau raws li cov kev thov tshwj xeeb. Thermoplastics, melted los ntawm cua sov, tso cai rau txheej-los-txheej deposition rau sai fabrication ntawm complex duab, ua rau lawv lug siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom prototyping thiab tus kheej customization.

Cov khoom siv sib txawv no ua rau 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis los xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom raws li cov kev xav tau sib txawv, ua rau kev xav tau ntau lawm. Txawm hais tias rau kev kho cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam lossis tsim cov khoom siv kho mob tus kheej hauv kev kho mob, 3D luam ntawv leverages nws cov khoom siv dav siv kom ua tau zoo, raug tsim, tsav tsheb hloov pauv thoob plaws ntau yam.

Cov khoom siv superconducting

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj lub cev tshwj xeeb, superconductors tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov ntawv thov cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab electromagnetic phenomena. Cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv superconducting yog lawv lub peev xwm los ua hluav taws xob tam sim no nrog xoom tsis kam nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Cov cuab yeej no endows superconductors nrog lub peev xwm loj heev rau kev siv hauv kev xa hluav taws xob.

Hauv cov txheej txheem sib kis ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txuas, qhov kev tiv thaiv muaj nyob hauv cov neeg siv hluav taws xob ua rau lub zog loj poob hauv daim ntawv ntawm tshav kub. Kev siv cov khoom siv superconducting cog lus tias yuav hloov pauv qhov xwm txheej no. Thaum ua hauj lwm hauv cov kab xa hluav taws xob, tam sim no ntws los ntawm lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, ua rau tsis muaj hluav taws xob poob. Qhov no txhim khu kev sib kis tau zoo, txo cov khib nyiab pov tseg, thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.

Cov khoom siv superconducting kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev thauj mus los sib nqus levitation. Cov tsheb ciav hlau Maglev siv cov hlau nplaum muaj zog uas tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv superconducting los cuam tshuam nrog cov chaw sib nqus ntawm txoj kev, ua rau lub tsheb ciav hlau mus rau levitate thiab ua haujlwm ntawm kev kub ceev. Cov cuab yeej zero-resistance ntawm cov khoom siv superconducting ua kom lub cim ruaj khov thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov chaw sib nqus, muab cov levitation zoo ib yam thiab propulsion rog. Qhov no tso cai rau cov tsheb ciav hlau taug kev ntawm qhov nrawm dua nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo dua, hloov pauv txoj kev thauj mus los ib txwm muaj.

Daim ntawv thov kev cia siab rau cov khoom siv superconducting yog qhov dav dav. Tshaj li lawv qhov cuam tshuam loj hauv kev xa hluav taws xob thiab kev thauj mus los sib nqus, lawv tuav cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv lwm qhov chaw xws li magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thev naus laus zis hauv cov cuab yeej kho mob thiab cov khoom siv accelerators hauv kev tshawb fawb physics siab.

Cov khoom siv ntse Bionic

Hauv thaj av loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, muaj chav kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov khoom siv lom neeg muaj nyob hauv cov xwm txheej, nthuav tawm cov khoom xav tsis thoob. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv polymer. Lawv tuaj yeem teb rau qhov kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig, kho tus kheej, thiab txawm tias nws tus kheej huv.

Qee cov ntaub ntawv ntse polymer muaj cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau cov qauv lom neeg. Piv txwv li, qee cov polymer hydrogels kos cov qauv kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov kab mob extracellular pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg lom. Cov hydrogels no tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​cov av noo hloov hauv lawv ib puag ncig: thaum cov av noo qis, lawv cog lus kom txo qis dej; thiab nthuav kom nqus dej noo thaum cov av noo nce, yog li teb rau cov av noo ib puag ncig.

Hais txog kev kho tus kheej, qee cov ntaub ntawv polymeric uas muaj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb los yog cov txheej txheem microstructures tuaj yeem kho lawv tus kheej tom qab kev puas tsuaj. Piv txwv li, polymers nrog dynamic covalent daim ntawv cog lus tuaj yeem rov kho cov ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thaum cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim, kho qhov kev puas tsuaj thiab rov ua kom cov khoom muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua tau zoo.

Rau kev tu tus kheej ua haujlwm, qee cov ntaub ntawv polymeric ua tiav qhov no los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb saum npoo lossis kev hloov kho tshuaj. Piv txwv li, qee cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheej polymeric muaj cov qauv microscopic zoo li nplooj nplooj. Qhov microstructure no ua rau cov dej ntws los ua cov hlaws dai ntawm cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw thiab yob tawm sai, ib txhij nqa tawm cov plua plav thiab av, yog li ua tiav cov nyhuv tu tus kheej.

Cov khoom siv biodegradable

Nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub no, ib puag ncig cov teeb meem loj heev, nrog rau cov pa phem tsis tu ncua hem ecosystems. Hauv cov khoom siv,biodegradable cov ntaub ntawvtau txais kev saib xyuas tseem ceeb raws li cov kev daws teeb meem ruaj khov, ua kom pom qhov tshwj xeeb zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm daim ntawv thov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymeric.

Hauv kev kho mob, cov ntaub ntawv biodegradable ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, sutures siv rau lub qhov txhab kaw feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm biodegradable polymer cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv no maj mam degrade thaum lub sijhawm kho qhov txhab, tshem tawm qhov xav tau kev tshem tawm thiab txo cov neeg mob tsis xis nyob thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob.

Tib lub sijhawm, biodegradable polymers tau siv dav hauv cov ntaub so ntswg engineering thiab kev xa tshuaj. Lawv ua haujlwm raws li cellular scaffolds, muab kev txhawb nqa rau kev loj hlob ntawm tes thiab kho cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov ntaub ntawv no degrade dhau lub sij hawm yam tsis tau tso cov seem hauv lub cev, yog li tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.

Hauv kev ntim khoom, cov ntaub ntawv biodegradable muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo heev. Kev ntim cov hnab yas yog qhov nyuaj rau degrade, ua rau muaj kuab paug dawb tsis tu ncua. Cov khoom ntim khoom tsim los ntawm biodegradable polymers, xws li cov hnab yas thiab cov thawv, maj mam decompose rau hauv cov khoom tsis muaj teeb meem los ntawm microbial kev txiav txim hauv ib puag ncig ntuj tom qab siv, txo cov pa phem. Piv txwv li, polylactic acid (PLA) cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom muaj cov khoom siv zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm kom tau raws li cov kev ntim khoom yooj yim thaum ua biodegradable, ua rau lawv yog lwm txoj hauv kev.

Nanomaterials

Hauv kev nce qib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua, nanomaterials tau tshwm sim los ua kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv hotspot vim lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm los tswj cov teeb meem ntawm qhov ntsuas microscopic. Lawv kuj tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer. Los ntawm kev tswj cov teeb meem ntawm nanoscale, cov ntaub ntawv no nthuav tawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb npaj ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv tshuaj, lub zog, thiab hluav taws xob.

Hauv kev kho mob, cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm nanomaterials nthuav tawm txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob. Piv txwv li, qee cov ntaub ntawv nanopolymer tuaj yeem tsim kho raws li lub hom phiaj xa khoom tsheb. Cov neeg nqa khoom no tau xa cov tshuaj rau cov kab mob uas muaj kab mob, txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kho mob thaum txo qis kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nanomaterials yog siv rau hauv kev kho mob imaging - nanoscale contrast agents, piv txwv li, txhim kho cov duab meej meej thiab raug, pab cov kws kho mob nyob rau hauv ntau yam kab mob.

Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, nanomaterials zoo ib yam ua rau muaj peev xwm loj heev. Siv cov polymer nanocomposites, piv txwv li, uas pom daim ntawv thov hauv roj teeb thev naus laus zis. Kev koom ua ke Nanomaterials tuaj yeem nce lub roj teeb lub zog ntom ntom thiab them / kev tso tawm haujlwm, yog li kev txhim kho txhua qhov kev ua tau zoo. Rau lub hnub ci hlwb, qee yam nanomaterials tuaj yeem txhim kho lub teeb nqus thiab hloov pauv kev ua haujlwm, txhawb nqa lub zog tsim hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv photovoltaic.

Kev siv nanomaterials kuj tseem nthuav dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nanoscale polymer cov ntaub ntawv pab tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me, ua haujlwm siab dua. Piv txwv li, kev tsim cov nanotransistors tso cai rau kev sib koom ua ke ntau dua thiab ua haujlwm sai dua hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nanomaterials pab txhawb kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov tau yooj yim, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau loj hlob rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob portable thiab kho tau.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus

Kev nce qib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsis tsuas yog tsav cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tab sis kuj tseem muaj peev xwm tshiab los daws cov teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb hauv lub zog, ib puag ncig, thiab kev noj qab haus huv.