xov xwm

Txheej sab hauv ntawm lub thawv siab uas muaj fiber ntau yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb, uas nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua lub luag haujlwm kaw kom tiv thaiv kev xau ntawm cov roj siab lossis cov kua uas khaws cia sab hauv, thaum tseem tiv thaiv cov txheej sab nraud uas muaj fiber ntau. Cov txheej no tsis raug xeb los ntawm cov khoom sab hauv uas khaws cia, thiab cov txheej sab nraud yog cov txheej fiber ntau uas muaj resin, feem ntau yog siv los dais feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv siab hauv lub thawv siab.

Cov qauv ntawm lub thawv siab fiber-wound: Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke feem ntau muaj plaub hom qauv: cylindrical, spherical, annular, thiab rectangular. Lub thawv puag ncig muaj ib ntu cylindrical thiab ob lub taub hau. Cov thawv siab hlau yog tsim ua cov duab yooj yim, nrog rau lub zog ntau dhau hauv qhov kev taw qhia axial. Nyob rau hauv lub siab sab hauv, qhov ntev thiab latitudinal kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub thawv kheej kheej yog sib npaug, thiab nws yog ib nrab ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab circumferential ntawm lub thawv cylindrical. Cov khoom siv hlau muaj lub zog sib npaug hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia; yog li ntawd, cov thawv hlau kheej kheej yog tsim los rau lub zog sib npaug thiab muaj qhov hnyav tsawg kawg nkaus rau qhov ntim thiab siab. Lub xeev kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub thawv kheej kheej yog qhov zoo tagnrho, thiab phab ntsa ntawm lub nkoj tuaj yeem ua rau nyias tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj qhov nyuaj dua hauv kev tsim cov thawv kheej kheej, lawv feem ntau tsuas yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb xws li spacecraft. Cov thawv zoo li lub nplhaib tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, tab sis lawv cov qauv tseem tsim nyog rau qee qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, spacecraft siv cov qauv tshwj xeeb no los siv tag nrho qhov chaw txwv. Cov thawv plaub fab feem ntau yog siv los ua kom qhov chaw siv ntau tshaj plaws thaum qhov chaw txwv, xws li lub tsheb tank plaub fab rau tsheb thiab tsheb ciav hlau tank. Cov thawv no feem ntau yog cov thawv uas muaj qhov siab qis lossis qhov siab ntawm huab cua, thiab qhov hnyav dua yog qhov zoo dua.

Qhov nyuaj ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, qhov kev hloov pauv sai sai ntawm cov hau kawg thiab lawv cov tuab, thiab qhov tuab thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov hau kawg ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem rau kev tsim, kev tshuaj xyuas, kev xam, thiab kev molding. Qee zaum, cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke cov hlab ntsha tsis tsuas yog xav tau winding ntawm ntau lub kaum sab xis thiab qhov sib piv ceev hauv cov hau kawg, tab sis kuj xav tau cov txheej txheem winding sib txawv nyob ntawm cov qauv. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo xws li cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam yuav tsum tau xav txog. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog kev tsim qauv zoo thiab tsim nyog tuaj yeem coj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom winding ntawmcov khoom sib xyaw ua kecov hlab ntsha siab, yog li tsim cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke uas ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim.

Cov Khoom Siv Rau Cov Hlab Ntsws Uas Muaj Fiber Ntau

Cov txheej fiber-wound, ua cov khoom tseem ceeb uas muaj lub nra hnyav, yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab, modulus siab, qhov ceev qis, thermal stability, zoo resin wettability, zoo winding processability, thiab sib npaug fiber bundle tightness. Cov ntaub ntawv fiber reinforcing feem ntau siv rau cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke muaj xws li carbon fiber, PBO fiber, aramid fiber, thiab ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber.

Cov roj carbon fiberyog cov khoom siv fibrous carbon uas nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog carbon. Nws yog tsim los ntawm carbonizing cov organic fiber precursors ntawm qhov kub siab thiab yog cov khoom siv fiber ua tau zoo nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon tshaj 95%. Carbon fiber muaj cov khoom zoo heev, thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm nws tau pib ntau tshaj 100 xyoo dhau los. Nws yog cov khoom siv fiber ntau, muaj zog, thiab qis-density, feem ntau yog cov hauv qab no:

1. Qhov ceev tsawg thiab lub teeb yuag. Qhov ceev ntawm cov carbon fiber yog 1.7 ~ 2 g / cm³, sib npaug rau 1/4 qhov ceev ntawm cov hlau thiab 1/2 qhov ceev ntawm cov txhuas alloy.

2. Lub zog siab thiab modulus siab: Nws lub zog yog 4-5 npaug siab dua hlau, thiab nws cov modulus elastic yog 5-6 npaug siab dua li cov hlau txhuas, qhia txog kev rov qab elastic tag nrho (Zhang Eryong thiab Sun Yan, 2020). Lub zog tensile thiab elastic modulus ntawm carbon fiber tuaj yeem ncav cuag 3500-6300 MPa thiab 230-700 GPa, raws li.

3. Cov coefficient qis ntawm kev nthuav dav thermal: Cov thermal conductivity ntawm carbon fiber txo qis nrog rau qhov kub nce, ua rau nws tiv taus kev txias thiab cua sov sai. Nws yuav tsis tawg txawm tias tom qab txias los ntawm ntau txhiab degrees Celsius mus rau chav tsev kub, thiab nws yuav tsis yaj lossis mos hauv huab cua tsis-oxidizing ntawm 3000 ℃; nws yuav tsis ua brittle ntawm cov kua kub.

4. Kev tiv thaiv xeb zoo: Cov roj carbon fiber tsis muaj zog rau cov kua qaub thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kua qaub muaj zog xws li cov kua qaub hydrochloric thiab sulfuric acid. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom sib xyaw carbon fiber kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv xws li kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg zoo, lub peev xwm nqus cov pa phem, thiab kev tswj hwm neutron, ua rau lawv siv tau dav hauv kev tsav dav hlau, tub rog, thiab ntau lwm yam teb.

Aramid, ib hom organic fiber uas ua los ntawm cov aromatic polyphthalamides, tau tshwm sim thaum xyoo 1960s. Nws qhov ceev tsawg dua li cov carbon fiber. Nws muaj lub zog siab, cov khoom tsim tau zoo, tiv taus kev cuam tshuam zoo, ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg zoo, thiab tiv taus kub, thiab nws tus nqi tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov carbon fiber.Cov fibers Aramidfeem ntau muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

1. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo. Aramid fiber yog cov polymer uas yooj ywm thiab muaj zog tensile ntau dua li cov polyester, paj rwb, thiab nylon. Nws ntev dua, tes xis xis, thiab tig tau zoo, ua rau nws ua tau cov fiber ntau qhov sib txawv thiab ntev.

2. Zoo heev rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab tiv taus cua sov. Aramid muaj cov pa oxygen txwv ntau dua 28, yog li nws tsis txuas ntxiv hlawv tom qab raug tshem tawm ntawm nplaim taws. Nws muaj kev ruaj khov thermal zoo, tuaj yeem siv tas li ntawm 205 ℃, thiab tswj tau lub zog siab txawm tias qhov kub siab tshaj 205 ℃. Tib lub sijhawm, cov fibers aramid muaj qhov kub siab decomposition, tswj tau lub zog siab txawm tias qhov kub siab, thiab tsuas yog pib carbonize ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 370 ℃.

3. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov. Cov fibers Aramid ua rau muaj kev tiv taus zoo rau feem ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg, tuaj yeem tiv taus feem ntau cov inorganic acids siab, thiab muaj kev tiv taus alkali zoo ntawm chav tsev kub.

4. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo heev. Nws muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo heev xws li lub zog siab heev, modulus siab, thiab lub teeb yuag. Nws lub zog yog 5-6 npaug ntawm cov hlau hlau, nws cov modulus elastic yog 2-3 npaug ntawm cov hlau hlau lossis iav fiber, nws lub zog yog ob npaug ntawm cov hlau hlau, thiab nws qhov hnyav tsuas yog 1/5 ntawm cov hlau hlau. Cov fibers polyamide aromatic tau siv dav dav ntev los ua cov ntaub ntawv fiber ua tau zoo, feem ntau yog tsim rau aerospace thiab aviation pressure vessels nrog cov kev cai nruj rau qhov zoo thiab cov duab.

PBO fiber tau tsim nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas xyoo 1980s ua cov khoom siv txhawb nqa rau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tsim rau kev lag luam aerospace. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov tswv cuab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tsev neeg polyamide uas muaj cov tshuaj heterocyclic aromatic thiab paub tias yog super fiber ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st. PBO fiber muaj cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj zoo heev; nws lub zog, elastic modulus, thiab kev tiv thaiv cua sov yog cov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua cov fibers. Ntxiv mus, PBO fiber muaj kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam zoo heev, kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam, thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev, thiab yog lub teeb thiab yoog tau, ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv textile zoo tagnrho. PBO fiber muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv qab no:

1. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo heev. Cov khoom siv PBO fiber zoo tshaj plaws muaj lub zog ntawm 5.8 GPa thiab cov qauv elastic ntawm 180 GPa, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj fiber uas twb muaj lawm.

2. Kev ruaj khov zoo heev. Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub txog li 600 ℃, nrog rau qhov ntsuas txwv ntawm 68. Nws tsis hlawv lossis ntsws hauv nplaim taws, thiab nws qhov kev tiv taus cua sov thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub siab dua lwm cov organic fiber.

Ua ib lub fiber ua tau zoo heev ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, PBO fiber muaj cov khoom siv lub cev, tshuab, thiab tshuaj lom neeg zoo heev. Nws lub zog thiab cov qauv elastic yog ob npaug ntawm aramid fiber, thiab nws muaj qhov tiv taus cua sov thiab nplaim taws rov qab zoo li meta-aramid polyamide. Nws cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg zoo dua li cov fiber aramid. Ib lub fiber PBO uas muaj 1 hli txoj kab uas hla tuaj yeem nqa ib yam khoom uas hnyav txog li 450 kg, thiab nws lub zog ntau dua 10 npaug ntawm cov hlau fiber.

Polyethylene fiber ntau heev uas muaj molecular hnyav, tseem hu ua lub zog siab, siab modulus polyethylene fiber, yog cov fiber nrog lub zog tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws thiab modulus tshwj xeeb hauv ntiaj teb. Nws yog cov fiber uas tig los ntawm polyethylene nrog qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 1 lab txog 5 lab. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber feem ntau muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

1. Lub zog tshwj xeeb siab thiab modulus tshwj xeeb siab. Nws lub zog tshwj xeeb ntau dua kaum npaug ntawm cov hlau hlau ntawm tib qhov seem, thiab nws cov modulus tshwj xeeb yog qhov thib ob tsuas yog cov carbon fiber tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau, nws qhov hnyav molecular yog ntau dua 10, nrog lub zog tensile ntawm 3.5 GPa, lub modulus elastic ntawm 116 GPa, thiab kev ntev ntawm 3.4%.

2. Qhov ceev tsawg. Nws qhov ceev feem ntau yog 0.97 ~ 0.98 g / cm³, ua rau nws ntab saum dej.

3. Kev ncab qis thaum tawg. Nws muaj peev xwm nqus tau lub zog zoo, tiv taus kev cuam tshuam thiab txiav zoo heev, tiv taus huab cua zoo heev, thiab tiv taus cov teeb ci ultraviolet, neutrons, thiab gamma rays. Nws kuj muaj kev nqus lub zog tshwj xeeb siab, dielectric tsis tu ncua qis, kev xa hluav taws xob electromagnetic siab, thiab tiv taus kev xeb tshuaj lom neeg, nrog rau kev tiv taus kev hnav zoo thiab lub neej ntev flexural.

Polyethylene fiber muaj ntau yam khoom zoo dua, qhia txog qhov zoo dua hauv kev siv.cov fiber ua tau zoo heevkev ua lag luam. Txij li cov kab khi nkoj hauv cov roj av hauv hiav txwv mus rau cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke uas ua haujlwm tau zoo, nws qhia txog qhov zoo heev hauv kev ua tsov rog niaj hnub no, nrog rau hauv kev lag luam dav hlau, aerospace, thiab maritime, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv thiab lwm qhov chaw.