Thaum peb pom cov khoom ua los ntawmfiberglass, peb feem ntau tsuas pom lawv cov tsos thiab siv, tab sis tsis tshua xav txog: Dab tsi yog cov qauv sab hauv ntawm no slender dub lossis dawb filament? Nws yog qhov tseeb cov qauv tsis pom zoo uas muab fiberglass nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb, xws li lub zog siab, kub tsis kam, thiab corrosion kuj. Niaj hnub no, peb yuav delve rau hauv "lub ntiaj teb sab hauv" ntawm fiberglass los qhia cov secrets ntawm nws cov qauv.
Lub Foundation Microscopic: "Kev Txiav Txim Siab" ntawm Atomic Level
Los ntawm kev pom atomic, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm fiberglass yog silicon dioxide (feem ntau 50% -70% los ntawm qhov hnyav), nrog rau lwm cov ntsiab lus xws li calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, thiab aluminium oxide ntxiv los kho nws cov khoom. Kev npaj ntawm cov atoms no txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm fiberglass.
Tsis zoo li "kev txiav txim ntev ntev" ntawm atoms hauv cov ntaub ntawv crystalline (xws li hlau lossis quartz siv lead ua), atomic kev npaj hauv fiberglass cov khoom pov thawj"Short-range order, long-range disorder."Tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv ib cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam (hauv thaj tsam ntawm ob peb atoms), txhua silicon atom bonds nrog plaub oxygen atoms, tsim ib lub pyramid zoo li."silica tetrahedron"qauv. Qhov kev npaj hauv zos no raug txiav txim. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov loj dua, cov silica tetrahedra tsis tsim ib qho kev rov ua dua li cov lattice zoo li hauv cov siv lead ua. Hloov chaw, lawv tau sib txuas sib txuas thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb, zoo li ib pawg ntawm cov tsev blocks haphazardly sib sau ua ke, tsim cov qauv iav amorphous.
Cov qauv amorphous no yog ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawmfiberglassthiab iav zoo tib yam. Thaum lub sij hawm txias ntawm cov iav zoo tib yam, atoms muaj sijhawm txaus los tsim cov pob zeb me me, hauv zos txiav txim siab, uas ua rau muaj kev tawg ntau dua. Hauv qhov sib piv, fiberglass yog tsim los ntawm nrawm nrawm thiab txias molten iav. Cov atoms tsis muaj sij hawm los npaj lawv tus kheej kom zoo thiab "khov" hauv lub xeev tsis zoo no, amorphous. Qhov no txo qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov ciam teb siv lead ua, tso cai rau cov fiber ntau los tswj cov khoom ntawm iav thaum tau txais zoo dua toughness thiab tensile lub zog.
Monofilament Structure: Ib qho chaw sib xws ntawm "Daim tawv nqaij" mus rau "Core"
Lub fiberglass peb pom yog tiag tiag muaj ntau yammonofilaments, tab sis txhua lub monofilament yog ib chav tsev ua tiav hauv nws tus kheej. Ib qho monofilament feem ntau muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 5-20 micrometers (li 1/5 txog 1/2 lub cheeb ntawm tib neeg cov plaub hau). Nws cov qauv yog ib tug uniform"khoom cylindrical zoo"nrog tsis pom tseeb txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm microscopic muaj pes tsawg leeg faib, muaj qhov hloov maj mam "skin-core" sib txawv.
Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem, raws li molten iav yog extruded los ntawm cov me me qhov ntawm spinneret, qhov saum npoo sai sai txias thaum sib cuag nrog huab cua, tsim ib tug heev nyias.“dawb”txheej (li 0.1-0.5 micrometers tuab). Cov txheej txheem ntawm daim tawv nqaij no txias sai dua li sab hauv"core."Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm silicon dioxide nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij txheej yog me ntsis siab dua nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais, thiab atomic kev npaj yog denser nrog tsawg defects. Qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov qauv ua rau saum npoo ntawm cov monofilament muaj zog dua hauv hardness thiab corrosion tsis kam tshaj cov tub ntxhais. Nws kuj tseem txo qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kab nrib pleb-cov khoom tsis ua haujlwm feem ntau pib nrog qhov tsis xws luag, thiab daim tawv nqaij tuab no ua raws li kev tiv thaiv "plhaub" rau cov monofilament.
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov hloov maj mam ntawm daim tawv nqaij-ntxhais sib txawv, kev ua haujlwm siabfiberglassmonofilament kuj tseem muaj qhov sib npaug sib npaug hauv nws cov ntu ntu, nrog rau txoj kab uas hla feem ntau tswj kom tsis pub dhau 1 micrometer. Cov qauv geometric niaj hnub no ua kom ntseeg tau tias thaum lub monofilament raug kev ntxhov siab, qhov kev ntxhov siab yog sib npaug ntawm tag nrho cov ntu ntu, tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab los ntawm cov thickness irregularities hauv zos thiab yog li txhim kho tag nrho lub zog tensile.
Collective Structure: Lub Ordered Combination ntawm "Yarn" thiab "Npuag"
Thaum monofilaments muaj zog, lawv txoj kab uas hla yog qhov zoo heev los siv ib leeg. Yog li ntawd, fiberglass feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug"collective,"feem ntau raws li"fiberglass xov paj"thiab"fiberglass ntaub."Lawv cov qauv yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txiav txim ua ke ntawm monofilaments.
Fiberglass yarn yog ib phau ntawm kaum rau ntau txhiab tus monofilaments, sib sau ua ke los ntawm ob qho tib si"twisting"los yog ua"tsis paub."Untwisted yarn yog ib qho xoob sau los ntawm kev sib luag monofilaments, nrog cov qauv yooj yim, feem ntau yog siv los ua iav ntaub plaub, tws fibers, thiab lwm yam. Twisted yarn, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tsim los ntawm twisting cov monofilaments ua ke, tsim cov qauv kauv zoo ib yam li paj rwb xov. Cov qauv no ua rau kom muaj zog sib khi ntawm cov monofilaments, tiv thaiv cov xov paj los ntawm kev ntxhov siab, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev xaws, winding, thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm. Cov“ suav”ntawm cov xov paj (ib qho kev ntsuas qhia tus naj npawb ntawm monofilaments, piv txwv li, 1200 tex xov paj yog tsim los ntawm 1200 monofilaments) thiab"twist"(tus naj npawb ntawm twists ntawm ib chav tsev ntev) ncaj qha txiav txim siab cov xov paj lub zog, yoog raws, thiab kev ua haujlwm tom ntej.
Fiberglass npuag yog ib daim ntawv zoo li cov qauv ua los ntawm fiberglass yarn los ntawm txoj kev weaving. Peb qhov yooj yim weaves yog dawb, twill, thiab satin.Plain weaventaub yog tsim los ntawm alternating interlacing ntawm warp thiab weft yarns, uas ua rau ib tug nruj qauv nrog tsawg permeability tab sis tsis muaj zog, ua kom haum raws li ib tug hauv paus khoom rau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw. Hauvtwill weaventaub, warp thiab weft yarns interlace nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 2: 1 los yog 3: 1, tsim ib tug kab pheeb ces kaum ntawm qhov chaw. Nws yog qhov hloov tau yooj yim dua li cov ntaub yooj yooj yim thiab feem ntau siv rau cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau khoov lossis shaping.Satin ntaubmuaj tsawg dua interlacing cov ntsiab lus, nrog warp los yog weft yarns ua nruam floating kab ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov no weave yog mos rau kov thiab muaj ib tug du nto, ua rau nws haum rau cov hniav zoo nkauj los yog tsis muaj kev sib txhuam.
Txawm hais tias nws yog cov xov paj los yog ntaub, lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv sib sau ua tiav kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo"1+1> 2"los ntawm kev txiav txim ua ke ntawm monofilaments. Cov monofilaments muab lub zog yooj yim, thaum cov qauv sib sau ua ke muab cov khoom sib txawv, hloov tau yooj yim, thiab kev hloov kho kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau sib txawv, los ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev mus rau cov khoom siv ntxiv.
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-16-2025
